The Making of the Rape of Nanking: History and Memory in Japan, China, and the United StatesOn December 13, 1937, the Japanese army attacked and captured the Chinese capital city of Nanjing, planting the rising sun flag atop the city's outer walls. What occurred in the ensuing weeks and months has been the source of a tempestuous debate ever since. It is well known that the Japanese military committed wholesale atrocities after the fall of the city, massacring large numbers of Chinese during the both the Battle of Nanjing and in its