Empire, Architecture, and the CityWinner of the 2010 Spiro Kostof Award (sponsored by the Society of Architectural Historians) Empire building and modernity dominate the history of the nineteenth century. The French and Ottoman empires capitalized on modern infrastructure and city building to control diverse social, cultural, and political landscapes. Zeynep Celik examines the cities of Algeria and Tunisia under French colonial rule and those of the Ottoman Arab provinces. By shifting