Lyric, Meaning, and Audience in the Oral Tradition of Northern EuropeFocusing on particular characters, situations, or emotionsusually with little or no explicit plotlyric song poses interpretive challenges to the listening audience. Without an overt plot, how does one understand what a song is about? Are there rules or norms for how to interpret them? Do these rules remain the same from culture to culture, or do they vary? By looking at the ways in which cultures in Northern Europe interpret lyric songs, Thomas A.