On Resistance to Evil by ForceWritten in 1925, On Resistance to Evil by Force is one of the most important tracts composed by white migr philosopher Ivan Alexandrovich Ilyin. Responding to the pacifist pretensions of Count Leo Tolstoy, Ilyin mounts a tenacious defense of the Orthodox tradition of physical opposition to evil. As he explains, in the face of evil which can be contained by no other means, a forceful response is not only permissible but becomes a knightly duty.